Updated for fiscal year 2016:
California dominates in overall funding (above), but Massachusetts, DC, and Maryland stand out in NIH funding per capita (next chart).
Below, you can see more clearly how Massachusetts has the highest per capita and second highest overall level of NIH funding. Not surprisingly, most of the U.S. biotech clusters are located in the outlier states along the top and right edges of this chart:
MechanizedIntelligence 